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Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), also known as inability to belch syndrome—a narrative review

   
@article{TGH10448,
	author = {Anders Lehmann and Peter J. Kahrilas},
	title = {Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), also known as inability to belch syndrome—a narrative review},
	journal = {Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {0},
	year = {2026},
	keywords = {},
	abstract = {Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), also known as ‘inability to belch syndrome’, is an under-recognized disorder wherein the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) fails to open following gaseous reflux. First described in 1987, R-CPD was rediscovered in 2019 along with the first effective treatment, endoscopic botulinum toxin (Botox) injection into the cricopharyngeus (CP). Since then, there has been an explosion of literature on R-CPD. The objectives of this review were to discuss the physiology of belching and R-CPD along with the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and clinical experience in managing R-CPD.},
	issn = {2415-1289},	url = {https://tgh.amegroups.org/article/view/10448}
}